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The flightless aquatic birds called penguin are predominantly present on the Southern side of the equator. Only one species, called Galapagos penguins, are abundant on the Northern side of the equator. Penguins possess black-colored wings that have been adapted into flippers. The interesting thing related to these wings is that they are not adapted to flight; instead, these wing-like structures are used to swim inside the water. It is reported that the flight of birds and swimming of penguins have many similarities than differences. Most air molecules get trapped in the soft plumage of penguins, and it is reported that these trapped molecules facilitate the swimming plus; these molecules also play a role in providing insulation to the body when the temperature becomes extremely low.

For maintaining an upright walking position, penguin are equipped with small tails and exceptional wings. Penguins have a well-developed sense of vision as they completely depend on their sense of vision to locate their prey or escape themselves from predators. However, their sense of hearing is moderately developed, and it is reported that penguins use their sense of hearing only when they need to do intergroup communication. For surviving in the cold weather, penguins are equipped with thick plumage. Penguins contain supra optical glands, which means that they can drink plentiful salt water that will be filtered by these glands later on. These glands are not present in most birds. Isabelline penguins are short-lived penguins that are born without black plumage. Instead, they contain brown plumage.

Penguins lay one or two eggs in a single breeding season, depending upon the kind of species. These eggs are incubated by a single parent or, in most cases, by both. For example, in giant penguins, male members are responsible for incubating eggs. Penguins show parental care for their young ones by providing camouflage to young ones in their webbed feet.