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There are many types of islands. For example, there are low limestone and reef islands. These types are more vulnerable to environmental stressors, such as water pollution. These islands are particularly vulnerable to disasters, such as the nuclear power plant disaster in Japan. Some of them are classified into multiple subregions. This classification allows researchers to better understand the spatial variability of island ecosystems.

Geological history also helps us understand how islands form. A large percentage of island mass is formed from continental rocks, and the elevation of islands varies depending on the region where they formed. Moreover, these islands are prone to periodic renewal. During this time, some older volcanic islands may become the host of younger volcanism. Some examples include Maui and Savai’i.

To classify an island, we must first understand its lithology. These features are fundamental to the physical attributes of islands and are linked to the processes that formed them. The Pacific region is home to a large number of islands of different lithologies, and this diversity makes it hard to find a single island with the same name. Despite this, different lithologies often have similar attributes.

A new classification for the Pacific Islands captures the fundamental elements of island diversity. It is based on geology and maximum elevation and uses data from a database of 1779 islands. The five lithological types are grouped based on their lithology and their elevation. For instance, volcanic high islands consist of 80 percent igneous rock and rise 30 meters above the sea level. These types of islands are often found near active volcanism within 500 km. The Pacific Islands are also home to mid-plate hotspots, which create chains of volcanic islands.